{"id":271103,"date":"2023-04-21T07:29:54","date_gmt":"2023-04-21T07:29:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/fatigue-influence-and-management-in-tennis\/"},"modified":"2023-07-24T07:42:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-24T07:42:58","slug":"fatigue-influence-and-management-in-tennis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/en\/fatigue-influence-and-management-in-tennis\/","title":{"rendered":"Fatigue influence and management in tennis"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” module_class=”reverse” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”100%” max_width=”1920px” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#d5ff00″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”77bd6224-541c-4dfa-aa0c-4832456a9557″ header_font=”Montserrat|900|on|on|||||” header_text_align=”center” header_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_font_size=”3vw” header_line_height=”0.9em” text_orientation=”right” width=”90%” width_tablet=”90%” width_phone=”85%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”53px||53px||true|false” header_font_size_tablet=”” header_font_size_phone=”7vw” header_font_size_last_edited=”on|tablet” header_text_shadow_style=”preset1″ header_text_shadow_vertical_length=”0.22em” header_text_shadow_blur_strength=”0.28em” header_text_shadow_color=”rgba(0,0,0,0.16)” global_colors_info=”{%22gcid-5fba0126-308f-4f42-aa94-6c5d80831bca%22:%91%93}”]<\/p>\n

Fatigue influence and management in tennis<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Montserrat|600|||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font=”Montserrat|800|||||||” header_3_text_align=”center” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”54px” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”||15px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

3 h<\/h3>\n

MATCH DURATION<\/p>\n

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250<\/h3>\n

SERVES<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Montserrat|600|||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font=”Montserrat|800|||||||” header_3_text_align=”center” header_3_text_color=”#000000″ header_3_font_size=”54px” text_orientation=”center” custom_margin=”||15px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

550<\/h3>\n

GROUNDSTROKES<\/p>\n

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6 km\/h<\/h3>\n

DECREASE IN BALL SPEED<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#000000″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/fatigue.jpg” title_text=”fatigue” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”76%” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Features” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row make_equal=”on” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”8cd1ce6b-38be-479c-8fe0-00b31d0a6bd3″ text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_line_height=”2.2em” text_font_size_tablet=”15px” text_font_size_phone=”14px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Coaches and players often notice that the quality of strokes, movements and tactical choices tends to deteriorate<\/strong> with the onset of fatigue<\/strong> during prolonged tennis matches. While there is a consensus on the importance of fatigue in tennis and its influence on performance and the outcome of a match, its effect on joint loadings and overuse joint injury risks remains poorly understood. For coaches, sports doctors and biomechanists, the amount of practice and muscular fatigue significantly increase the risk of shoulder and elbow injuries. Our research has shown that muscular fatigue reduces shoulder muscle activation, degrades serving technique, reduces joint amplitude and increases the risk of injury.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Results<\/h4>\n

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Main results<\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”8cd1ce6b-38be-479c-8fe0-00b31d0a6bd3″ text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_line_height=”2.2em” hover_enabled=”0″ text_font_size_tablet=”15px” text_font_size_phone=”14px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

In competitive players (regional level),<\/strong> a 3-hour tennis match<\/strong> strains the upper and lower limb muscles. For the serve,<\/strong> this results in :<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

reduced ball speed<\/strong> (-6.5 km\/h)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

decreased ball-impact height<\/strong> (-4 cm)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

decreased leg flexion<\/strong> (-5\u00b0) and maximal velocity<\/strong> of knee extension (-13%)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

reduced maximal velocities<\/strong> of trunk, shoulder, elbow and wrist rotations (-5 to -14%)<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

increased the rate of perceived<\/strong> exertion<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

decrased passive shoulder range<\/strong> of motions<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

increased shoulder injury risks<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”8cd1ce6b-38be-479c-8fe0-00b31d0a6bd3″ text_font=”Montserrat||||||||” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_line_height=”2.2em” hover_enabled=”0″ text_font_size_tablet=”15px” text_font_size_phone=”14px” text_font_size_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

During long matches played by professional players<\/strong> at Grand Slam<\/strong> tournaments in 2014<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

ball speed and % of points won<\/strong> on 1st and 2nd serves decrease<\/strong> significantly in the 5th set among losers<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

whereas these parameters increased<\/strong> or remained stable for the winners<\/strong> in the final set.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

in the 1st set,<\/strong> there is no difference<\/strong> in ball speed or % of points won on serve between the 2 opponents.<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

in the 5th set<\/strong>, there is an average difference in 1st ball speed<\/strong> of around 5 km\/h between the future winners and losers<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][et_pb_blurb image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-icon-11.png” icon_placement=”left” image_icon_width=”60%” content_max_width=”963px” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” body_font=”Montserrat||||||||” body_text_color=”#000000″ custom_margin=”||10px||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n

in the 5th set<\/strong>, the future winners won more points<\/strong> on their 1st (+13%) and 2nd serves<\/strong> (+27%) than their opponents<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ custom_padding_last_edited=”on|phone” admin_label=”About” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” use_background_color_gradient=”on” background_color_gradient_stops=”#ffffff 0%|rgba(255,255,255,0.5) 100%” background_color_gradient_overlays_image=”on” background_color_gradient_start=”#ffffff” background_color_gradient_end=”rgba(255,255,255,0.5)” background_image=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/tennis-club-015.jpg” custom_padding=”83px||||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”400px||||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”0px||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||27px|||” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”81971a75-841c-49d0-bfb5-1ec934ba9dc0″ header_4_font=”Montserrat|800|on|on|||||” header_4_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_4_font_size=”120px” header_4_line_height=”1.1em” text_orientation=”center” width=”100%” custom_margin=”||-60px||false|false” custom_margin_tablet=”||-50px||false|false” custom_margin_phone=”||-20px||false|false” custom_margin_last_edited=”on|phone” header_4_font_size_tablet=”80px” header_4_font_size_phone=”26px” header_4_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” header_4_text_shadow_style=”preset3″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=”0.03em” header_4_text_shadow_color=”#b4b700″ header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=”” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_phone=”0.03em” header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_last_edited=”on|phone” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Studies<\/h4>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”33d8ed47-9575-4183-ae48-b1d6c4145db4″ header_2_font=”Syncopate|700||on|||||” header_2_text_color=”#000000″ header_2_font_size=”60px” header_2_line_height=”1.2em” text_orientation=”center” header_2_font_size_tablet=”32px” header_2_font_size_phone=”25px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Conferences<\/h2>\n

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Martin, B. Bideau, P. Touzard, R. Kulpa. \u00ab Identification of serve pacing strategies during five-set tennis matches \u00bb, International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 14(1), 2019″ button_text=”Download” button_url=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Article-Martin-IJSSC-serve-pacing-strategies.pdf” url_new_window=”on” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” tab_title_text_align=”left” tab_title_font_size=”14px” content_title_font=”Montserrat|800|||||||” custom_button=”on” button_text_color=”#000000″ button_bg_color=”#d5ff00″ global_colors_info=”{}” parentOrderClass=”dsm_advanced_tabs_0″][\/dsm_advanced_tabs_child][dsm_advanced_tabs_child dsm_title=”Influence of a prolonged tennis match play on serve biomechanics ” dsm_use_icon_image=”on” dsm_use_icon=”on” font_icon=”i||divi||400″ dsm_content_title=”Influence of a prolonged tennis match play on serve biomechanics ” dsm_content=”C. Martin, B. Bideau, P. Delamarche, R. 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Kulpa. \u00ab Influence of a prolonged tennis match play on shoulder ranges of motion \u00bb, American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016 ” button_text=”Download” button_url=”https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Am-J-Sports-Med-2016-Martin-tennis-match-shoulder.pdf” url_new_window=”on” _builder_version=”4.18.0″ _module_preset=”default” tab_title_text_align=”left” tab_title_font_size=”14px” content_title_font=”Montserrat|800|||||||” custom_button=”on” button_text_color=”#000000″ button_bg_color=”#d5ff00″ global_colors_info=”{}” parentOrderClass=”dsm_advanced_tabs_0″][\/dsm_advanced_tabs_child][\/dsm_advanced_tabs][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fatigue influence and management in tennis3 h MATCH DURATION250 SERVES550 GROUNDSTROKES6 km\/h DECREASE IN BALL SPEEDCoaches and players often notice that the quality of strokes, movements and tactical choices tends to deteriorate with the onset of fatigue during prolonged tennis matches. While there is a consensus on the importance of fatigue in tennis and its influence on performance and the outcome of a match, its effect on joint loadings and overuse joint injury risks remains poorly understood. For coaches, sports doctors and biomechanists, the amount of practice and muscular fatigue significantly increase the risk of shoulder and elbow injuries. Our research has shown that muscular fatigue reduces shoulder muscle activation, degrades serving technique, reduces joint amplitude and increases the risk of injury.ResultsMain resultsIn competitive players (regional level), a 3-hour tennis match strains the upper and lower limb muscles. For the serve, this results in :reduced ball speed (-6.5 km\/h)decreased ball-impact height (-4 cm)decreased leg flexion (-5\u00b0) and maximal velocity of knee extension (-13%)reduced maximal velocities of trunk, shoulder, elbow and wrist rotations (-5 to -14%)increased the rate of perceived exertiondecrased passive shoulder range of motionsincreased shoulder injury risksDuring long matches played by professional players at Grand Slam tournaments in 2014:ball […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":270733,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-271103","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nFatigue influence and management in tennis - Caroline Martin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The amount of practice and muscle fatigue would significantly increase the risk of shoulder and elbow injuries.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.caromartin-tennis.com\/en\/fatigue-influence-and-management-in-tennis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fatigue influence and management in tennis - 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